Use and Abuse of Power in Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Use and Abuse of Power in Management - Essay Example It is necessary for both the mangers as well as the non managers to study organization because organizations are vital mechanisms and helps in achieving the goals in modern society. Therefore, the aim of the essay is important to be able to distinguish between the use of power management and its abuses. Thus in order to achieve the required aim, the essay would highlight the theories in literature review and provide an example in order to relate the theories with practical examples. Thus the essay starts off with an introduction on the use and abuse of power in the management, followed by a literature review, quoting the theories necessary for the topic. The next part of the essay would put light on practical examples of organizations with relation to use and abuse of power and finally the essay ends with a conclusion and recommendation for the managers stating how a manger should distinguish between use and abuse of power in management and work accordingly providing an effective result for the organization. It has been founded that there arise a thin level of difference between the use and abuse of power and the managers are familiar with the danger of uncoupling power with politics from an ethical point of view. Managers are concerned about how can the negative aspect of power be managed. Therefore the answer to this query lies in generating an understanding of the relationship between power, the ability to influence and the political process (Butcher & Clarke , 2008, p.19). Power is defined as the ability to marshal resources in order to get something done. The use of power and authority in organizations are crucial, but a manger needs to plans, manage, organize coordinate and control the various activities of an organization. And this makes one of the reasons as to why managers want to get promoted to a higher position so that they can utilize the power. Thus an organization can be seen as political system where the use and abuse of power plays a significant role in the functioning of the organization (Dzimbiri, 2009, p.33). Theoretical Background Introduction Leaders implement the task and roles with the help of power that they possess. It has been suggested that a leader should always stay away from blaming, coercive and bullying style of leadership. A manger can support innovations and the ongoing activities of the organization are many different ways. In a hierarchical organization, the locus of power is fixed and clear but in a fla tter structure power is more fluid and is constantly being negotiated. According to Adair, the authority in the organization is usually derived from position, knowledge and personality. Kotler suggested that the first and foremost thing which is important in leadership is to understand the types of power and the methods used to influence the people, to utilize different types of power as per the need and seek out the appropriate leadership role, to create more power and utilize them and finally to temper the use of power with maturity and self control and recognizing the impact of use and abuse of power on others (Morrison, 1998, p.214). It has been found out by the authorities that effective use of power is the most important element of management. Some of the leaders have proved themselves to be highly influential leaders and powerful. These leaders were powerful because of the fact that they were able to build a strong

Types of Risk Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Types of Risk - Assignment Example Even though, these value risk models are utilized to quantify risks in the market but there are few limitations that are addressed using stress tests that study the movements of the market on hypothetical grounds (Yufeng, 2011). Supply chains have the aim to increase productivity, ensure cost effective practices and fulfill demands of the markets. However, there are many risks that may disrupt their working thus, in order to manage the risks involved the first step into place them into supply chain risk management (SCRM) (Tummala & Schoenherr, 2011). This would enable them to identify the operations, resources and the sources through which information inflows and outflows, through co-citation analysis. The changing interest are identified in SCRM and then tools such as Failure Modes and Effect Analysis (FMEA), and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) can be used appropriately in SCRM. Moreover, pricing policies and analysis tools can examine the risks involved in supply chain that help manage supply chain risks in an effective way(Nurmaya, 2012). Credit risk is the kind of risk associated with market and customers. This risk arises when a business feels that borrowers might not pay their debt on time or due date. Thus, in this regard, credit can be managed by setting credits limit. The limits of credits are based on credit ratings. Likewise, funding or liquidity risk occurs when there is the risk that a person is not able to meet his obligations to provide loan commitments. The techniques associated with mitigating funding technique are holding liquid assets, securitizations, creating contingency plans, portfolio management techniques, having extensive databases on defaults and having credit insurance products. Due to increasing number of credit related losses, companies require new analytical solutions to make improvements in their databases

Privileges of a Senior Citizen Essay Example for Free

Privileges of a Senior Citizen Essay We all know that a senior citizen is an old version in our generation. They are the person above 60. Since they are old and their body are weak, it’s hard for them to eat , exercise , to work and of course to SURVIVE. The old ladies or old men out there are sometimes abandoned by their family. Some leave their houses because they feel that they are not a part of that family. Some are treated not right and some are lost. We can see many of them outside our schools or on the market begging, most are in the garbage place. Senior citizens contribute a lot in the past time in our country, there are some who fought for our country but still not recognized. Here in the Philippines, Our government made some rights for our citizens. Since some of the senior citizen has a difficult time to work, our government decided that all senior citizens must be an exception to an all tax payment. For short he/she is a minimum wage earner. They are also free from all government medical and dental services. They also have a free vaccine supported by the government, educational assistance shall be granted to pursue to; post secondary , post tertiary , as well as vocational and technical education in both public and private schools through provisions of scholarship , grants and financial aids . Our government also issued about granting our senior citizens special discounts on special programs. Example is on purchase of basic necessities and prime commodities. For another positive part, Senior citizens they have an express lane privileges in all public store , private banking , commercials or government establishments. For the retirees , they are granted the continuance of the same benefits and privileges by the Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), social security system (SSS) and PAG IBIG. Retirement benefits of senior citizens on both public and private sector shall be reviewed every year to ensure their responsiveness and sustainability. We can say that senior citizens have an easy life with all of this privileges, But material things are not the only thing a human needs. Old people also need love from their family and others so that they will not feel they’re alone in this world. We shall give back the love and care this people has given to us when they are in their younger years.

Prevailing Political Environment In India Politics Essay

Prevailing Political Environment In India Politics Essay The term Business Environment is composed of two words Business and Environment. In simple terms, the state in which a person remains busy is known as Business. The word Business in its economic sense means human activities like production, extraction or purchase or sales of goods that are performed for  earning  profits. On the other hand, the word Environment refers to the aspects of surroundings. Therefore, Business Environment may be defined as a set of conditions Social, Legal, Economical, Political or Institutional that are uncontrollable in nature and affects the functioning of organization. Business Environment has two components: Internal Environment External Environment Internal Environment It includes 5 Ms i.e. man, material,  money, machinery and management, usually within the control of business. Business can make changes in these factors according to the change in the functioning of enterprise. External Environment Those factors which are beyond the control of business enterprise are included in  external environment. These factors are: Government and Legal factors, Geo-Physical Factors, Political Factors, Socio-Cultural Factors, Demo-Graphical factors etc. It is of two Types: Micro/Operating Environment Macro/General Environment Micro/Operating Environment The environment which is close to business and affects its capacity to work is known as Micro or Operating Environment. It consists of Suppliers, Customers,  Market Intermediaries, Competitors and Public. Suppliers:   They are the persons who supply raw material and required components to the company. They must be reliable and business must have multiple suppliers i.e. they should not depend upon only one supplier. Customers:   Customers are regarded as the king of the market. Success of every business depends upon the level of their customers satisfaction. Types of Customers: Wholesalers Retailers Industries Government and Other Institutions Foreigners (3)  Market Intermediaries:   They work as a link between business and final consumers. Types:- Middlemen Marketing Agencies Financial Intermediaries Physical Intermediaries (4) Competitors:   Every move of the competitors affects the business. Business has to adjust itself according to the strategies of the Competitors. (5) Public:   Any group who has actual interest in business enterprise is termed as public e.g. media and local public. They may be the users or non-users of the product. Macro/General Environment: It includes factors that create opportunities and threats to business units. Following are the elements of Macro Environment: Economic Environment:   It is very complex and dynamic in nature that keeps on changing with the change in policies or political situations. It has three elements: Economic Conditions of Public Economic Policies of the country Economic System Other Economic Factors: Infrastructural Facilities,  Banking,  Insurance companies,  money  markets, capital markets etc. Non-Economic Environment:   Following are included in non-economic environment:- Political Environment:   It affects different business units extensively. Components: Political Belief of Government Political Strength of the Country Relation with other countries Defense and Military Policies Thinking Opposition Parties towards Business Unit (ii) Socio-Cultural Environment:   Influence exercised by social and cultural factors, not within the control of business, is known as Socio-Cultural Environment. These factors include: attitude of people to work, family system, caste system, religion, education, marriage etc. (iii) Technological Environment:   A systematic application of scientific knowledge to practical task is known as technology. Everyday there has been vast changes in products, services, lifestyles and living conditions, these changes must be analysed by every business unit and should adapt these changes. (iv) Natural Environment:   It includes  natural resources, weather, climatic conditions, port facilities, topographical factors such as soil, sea, rivers, rainfall etc. Every business unit must look for these factors before choosing the location for their business. (v) Demographic Environment :-  It is a study of perspective of population i.e. its size, standard of living, growth rate, age-sex composition, family size, income level (upper level, middle level and lower level), education level etc. Every business unit must see these features of population and recognize their various need and produce accordingly. (vi) International Environment:   It is particularly important for industries directly depending on import or exports. The factors that affect the business are: Globalization, Liberalization, foreign business policies, cultural exchange. Characteristics:- 1. Business environment is compound in nature. 2. Business environment is constantly changing process. 3. Business environment is different for different business units. 4. It has both long term and short term impact. 5. Unlimited influence of  external environment  factors. 6. It is very uncertain. 7. Inter-related components. 8. It includes both internal and  external environment. Political Environment of Business. Political environment can affect a business either positively or negatively  depending on the prevailing situation in a country. It mainly forms the external factors which are part of the macro-environment and whose control is beyond the ability of human beings.   These factors touch on the way politics are conducted in a country, which directly reflects on what is happening within the government. This means that a democratic country will accord freedom to its people to vote in a government that has their interests at heart. On the other hand, a dictatorial government will not  earn  the respect of its citizens leading to economic as well as political instability and uncertainty. Even though such a government will go, businesses suffer a lot since they are not sure of their future underlining the importance of a  democratic government  to a country and business.   It is needless to say, that once a country is stable, more  investment  opportunities will be realized thus attracting more and more  investors. This will reflect positively and directly to the local businesses, as even the citizens will have full confidence with them. In the politics of the day,  business success  depends on politics by a great percentage and in many ways. Politicians are usually the people controlling the operations of a government and will decide which countries to  trade  with as well as the  trading conditions.   The Form of Government in the prevailing political environment in India India is a federal state with a parliamentary form of government. It is governed under the 1949 constitution (effective since Jan., 1950). The president of India, who is head of state, is elected for a five-year term by the elected members of the federal and state parliaments; there are no term limits. Theoretically the president possesses full executive power, but that power actually is exercised by the prime minister (head of the majority party in the federal parliament) and council of ministers (which includes the cabinet), who are appointed by the president. The ministers are responsible to the lower house of Parliament and must be members of Parliament. The federal parliament is bicameral. The upper house, the Council of States (Rajya Sabha), consists of a maximum of 250 members; the great majority are apportioned by state-each states delegates are chosen by its elected assembly-and 12 members are appointed by the president. In addition, one member represents the union territory of Pondicherry. Members serve for six years, with one third retiring every other year. The lower house, the Peoples Assembly (Lok Sabha), is elected every five years, although it may be dissolved earlier by the president. It is composed of 545 members, 543 apportioned among the states and two chosen by the president. There is a supreme court consisting of a chief justice and 25 associate justices, all appointed by the president. Administratively, India is divided into 28 states and seven union territories. State governors are appointed by the president for five-year terms. States have either unicameral or bicameral parliaments and have jurisdiction over police and public order, agriculture, education, public health, and local government. The federal government has jurisdiction over any matter not specifically reserved for the states. In addition the president may intervene in state affairs during emergencies and may even suspend a states government. In India, we have a democratic government where people are free to vote for the party they like the most and want it to be in power to run the country for next 5 years. People exercise their right to vote and select a party from two main fronts, the national defense alliance (NDA) and the union progressive alliance (UPA). These two parties comprise the republic of India. The ideology of the ruling parties. Many  political parties  base their political action and program on an ideology. In  social studies, a Political  Ideology  is a certain ethical set of  ideals, principles,  doctrines,  myths, or symbols  of a  social movement,  institution,  class, or large group that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order. A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate  power  and to what ends it should be used. Some parties follow a certain ideology very closely, while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them. Economic Stability Equal distribution of income Increase in the rates of GDP and per capita income Corruption free India Increase in the rates of global trades By encouraging foreign investors to invest in India-to increase FDI( Foreign Direct investment) Strength of opposition India is a democratic country where people have the right to choose their own political party. There are many contenders during elections and the contenders who wins the elections form the ruling government. The ruling government can comprise of single party or a group of parties.The ruling party forms the government while the other parties form the opposition. Opposition also may consist of a single or a group of parties. The parties in the opposition may unite and fight against the ruling party or can fight individually. In the present scenario we have two parties who are fighting against the UPA, the ruling party. Initially, spare headed by Anna Hazare the anti corruption campaign supported by Arvind Kejriwal and Kiran Bedi started at Maharashtra.He introduced Janlokpal Bill. Role and responsibility of bureaucracy Fundamental Understanding [1] As persons having the power to legislate and who represent the people, politicians will carry out their responsibility for oversight, to ensure that public administration is conducted impartially and neutrally. In addition, under the parliamentary system they will join the government as ministers, senior vice ministers, parliamentary secretaries, etc. (hereinafter, minister/ ministers etc.) and responsibly formulate, coordinate and decide upon policies for public administration while also engaging in the guidance and supervision of the bureaucrats. Bureaucrats, as servants of the entire nation, will respect the principle of political neutrality and primarily implement policies and undertake the execution of individual public administrative duties in keeping with their areas of expertise, based on laws and ordinances. [2] Politicians will take responsibility for formulating, coordinating, and deciding upon policies. In keeping with the needs of the public grasped during the course of their duties, bureaucrats will assist politicians in formulating, coordinating, and deciding upon policies, such as through providing basic data and information for those policies, presenting multiple options, and so on. [3] Politicians and bureaucrats will have a relationship characterised by separate duties. They will act as one in executing their duties for the nation and the people, each on the basis of these separate duties. [4] Politicians and bureaucrats must each respect these separate roles for which they are responsible and always endeavor to create a relationship based on trust. Guidelines for Responses The following measures will be taken from the viewpoint of thoroughly instilling leadership by the Cabinet into decision-making on government policies. With regard to the relationship between politicians and bureaucrats, senior vice ministers and parliamentary secretaries etc. will, based on instructions by the minister, carry out the roles stipulated in the Rules Governing Ministers, Senior Vice Ministers and Parliamentary Secretaries in an appropriate and timely manner. Politico-legal institutions Political system is a set of formal legal institutions that constitute a government or a state. This is the definition adopted by many studies of the legal or constitutional arrangements of advanced political orders. More broadly defined, however, the term comprehends actual as well as prescribed forms of political behavior, not only the legal organization of the state but also the reality of how the state functions. Still more broadly defined, the political system is seen as a set of processes of interaction or as a subsystem of the social system interacting with other nonpolitical subsystems, such as the economic system. This points to the importance of informal sociopolitical processes and emphasizes the study of political development. Traditional legal or constitutional analysis, using the first definition, has produced a huge body of literature on governmental structures, many of the specialized terms that are a part of the traditional vocabulary of political science, and several instructive classifying schemes. Similarly, empirical analysis of political processes and the effort to identify the underlying realities of governmental forms have yielded a rich store of data and an important body of comparative theory. The third definition has inspired much scholarly work that employs new kinds of data, new terms, and some new concepts and categories of analysis.  

Creating a Voice in Poetry :: Reports Poetry Poems Literature Essays

Creating a Voice in Poetry Discuss how the poets create voices in their work. Write about Reports and one other poem. The poem 'Reports' focuses on one teachers cynical approach on writing school reports. This didactic poem take full advantage of using the imperative and pragmatics, as well as manipulating graphological features, such as the use of italics to indicate quotations. The poem is also written as a monologue, showing one side of a conversation, allowing the reader to focus on the opinions and character of an individual... in this case the school teacher. Similarly, this method is used in Carol Ann Duffy's poem 'Head of English', taken from 'Standing Female Nude.' The poem 'Head of English' makes good use of written language, creating the tone of a pompous school teacher but also uses punctuation to give the reader an idea about the character portrayed. 'Head of English' shows one characters disdain for another, however the reader is only meant to visualise the seemingly over confident Head of English. Duffy uses a monologue style to allow the reader to engage with the teacher in question and allows the reader to empathise (although not sympathise) with the voice in the poem. The poem opens with the line; "Today we have a poet in the class." On a surface read through this opening line could be intended to enthuse the pupils, however in my opinion this remark shows subtle hints of sarcasm, however unintentional or subconscious these may be. Grammatically the sentence structure suggests that the teacher is to the point, there is no indication of a break between "Today" and "we" although, the reader would expect a teacher to be taking her time and would at least expect to see a comma. As well as this the full stop at the end of the line adds emphasis to the sentence and brings it to an abrupt end, almost definitely a purposeful move on the part of the poet, to suggest to the reader that the character in the poem is abrupt. The hints of sarcasm are then backed up between lines three and five, when the teacher says; " Perhaps we're going to witness verse hot from the press. Who knows." The first sentence suggests that the teacher is testing the poet. On the surface it seems as if she is trying to enthuse the pupils, although the pragmatics suggest that she is testing the poet, almost challenging the poet. Then the second sentence, "Who knows.", backs up the readers thoughts of the teacher. Intriguingly the poet has manipulated the language again by using a full stop to end a sentence that would normally be a question.

Building And Keeping A Continental Empire :: essays research papers

There are five key ingredients in building a continental empire. A strong continental empire must be able to up-hold these five key things to survive. These five all important things are a strong central government; foreign policy, to deal with other countries; manifest destiny, to deal with matters of land; infrastructure, which deals with state business, transportation, and financial matters; and the ability to solve internal problems such as social, economic, and political problems. America is a continental empire and runs itself using these five things. The most important of these is probably the strong central government. A strong central government insures that the government will be able to run smoothly in a time of crisis and have the capability to make sound decisions that will benefit the American populace. Foreign policy was developed so that America would know where it stood when it came to dealing with other countries. It was important that America dealt with international problems in a uniform manner. Manifest destiny deals with the issue of how America and Americans will acquire land. Infrastructure is America working together. America depends on many things to keep it running, when these things cross paths we develop an infrastructure. America must solve internal problems all of the time. What these problems are and how we solve them is what shapes America. America slowly began to build a continental empire.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In order to achieve the five things needed to create a continental empire America had to start slow. They first had to gain the trust of their people and settle the differences between them. This trust was partly gained by heroes of the Revolutionary War becoming politicians. An example of this was George Washington. He led troops into battle during the war and then became president. American people found it very difficult to start a rebellion or disagree with someone that had led them to victory against Britain. With George at the helm of America we were well on our way to developing a continental empire. This trust in America was secured by actions. Our government kept making the people happy by writing a bill of rights and a constitution that gave Americans the freedom that they had wanted when they went to war with Britain. The people wanted rights that they felt were fair and necessary to their existence. The government outlined these rights in the Bill of Rights. The people agreed with them. The constitution outlined rules to form a more perfect Union. Americans excepted the contents of the Constitution and began to build their lives around it.

Ford Motor Company: Options for a Successful Future

The future of Ford Motor Company and its ability to remain at the top of the automotive industry requires the company to focus on products, resources, planning, and implementation. Decisions must be made relative to product lines, sales. and re-directing the organization’s resources for future success. In order to do so, four options have been recognized and the company must determine which options are best suited to move the company in a positive direction. Discuss at least three criteria the company should use to decide which of the four listed options is best and the reasons why each criterion should be used. Ford Motor Company has the option to close down older plants in an effort to realign production and sales. The criteria identified in order to determine if this option is in Ford’s best interest include: What will be the total cost to the company to buy out employees, close plants and the political ramifications of this decision? What are future trends? What is the differential between production and sales? The second option for Ford Motor Company to determine is whether to produce only smaller cars, eliminating or sharply reducing the SUV and truck lines. In order to determine the validity of this option, the company would need to evaluate the following: Can fuel economy be realized in these particular vehicle lines without significant cost being passed on to the consumer? Will there be a continuing market for SUVs? How will reducing or eliminating truck lines affect overall sales? Option number three requires reducing the North American presence and focusing more on international markets where Ford has been very successful. The determining criteria for this option includes: What is the sustainability of the Ford brand in the international market? How will reducing or removing North American presence affect the overall brand? Can reducing North American presence act as a catapult and raise demand for Ford vehicles in that geographical location? The fourth option to be considered by Ford is the possibility of selling its luxury line – the PAG group. The determining factors for choosing this option would include: Performing a profit and loss analysis of the group to determine the losses sustained by the company relative to continuing to invest in this product line. Could redirecting investment from this product be better spent lsewhere? In light of the possibility that market conditions can and do change, discuss at least three examples of how the company should build-in flexibility to back up its decision-making process. The possibility of market fluctuation is imminent. Therefore, Ford must be certain to build in flexibility to sustain change. Using an options based approach will allow flexibility by reserving resources such as time, people, money, or production capacity. (Williams, 2010). By maintaining flexibility, Ford will be better equipped to adjust to changes and fluctuations in the market. Discuss how an effective action plan can be created and how progress can be tracked. Creating an effective action plan involves setting both short term (proximal) and long term (distal) goals. Achieving short term goals is motivational to the employees who will assist in the achievement of the long term goal. Short term goals are more easily attainable than long term goals. However, long term goals are essential. Another way to track the progress of an action plan is by providing frequent feedback regarding performance to workers and employees. This will allow Ford to make adjustments in order to achieve goals. Williams, 2010) List at least three steps that make-up a workable plan and explain why each is important. Setting goals is the first step in creating an action plan. Goals should be specific, attainable, realistic and timely (S. M. A. R. T. ). (Williams, 2010) Once goals have been set, a workable plan that develops commitments to the goals must be created. Enlisting the commit ment of upper level management and employees is essential to achieving goals. An effective action plan indicates who, what and when for accomplishing goals. (Williams, 2010). The best options for Ford Motor Company would be to limit production of SUVs. Today’s economy lends itself to more fuel efficient, eco-friendly vehicles. With gas prices soaring to new heights on a weekly basis, maintaining a large SUV is simply no longer cost effective for the average American family. The price point for this type of vehicle is also a downside to ownership. However, the truck lines produced by Ford should remain intact. Ford’s truck line has become known as a reliable brand and people take stock in the Ford brand when it comes to company fleet vehicles, construction vehicles and even the agricultural and farming industries rely on the Ford truck brand. Without question, Ford should sell the PAG group. With losses i n the billions and rising, resources from this product line could be redirected into better selling ventures such as the smaller vehicle product line discussed earlier. Ford does not have to rely on the PAG group for growth and profits. This venture is simply a dog that needs to be put down. The option to reduce SUV production and sell the PAG group would be the options best suited to produce growth and stability in Ford Motor Company. These options allow Ford to focus on the traditional product lines of smaller and more economical vehicles and durable truck lines. Producing more cars than it can sell at this point in time would be detrimental to their future success. More inventory does not equate to more sales. The PAG is a loss that continues to be a thorn in Ford’s side. Eliminating this group would free billions of dollars for re-investment into fuel consciousness research for smaller vehicles while upgrading the truck lines. Implementing these options will contribute to Ford’s longevity, profitability and growth.