Cross Cultural Management

Questions: 1. Deciding on an appropriate company and analyzing its cross cultural practices? 2. Negotiations involved in cross cultural management practices? 3. Globalization theory and global leaders? Answers: 1. Owing to the impacts of globalization it is a necessary for any organization to set frameworks and business policies that are in coordination with the universal structure (Thomas Peterson, 2014). The Mediterranean boasts of many reputed organizations. The chosen company for analyzing its cross cultural practices is the renowned Repsol Limited (Repsol, 2017). The headquarters of this integrated international energy company is situated in Spain. Over the year it has earned the global recognition through its considerable cross cultural practices. Repsol and its contributions for the services it renders to different parts of the world are immense. In fact the majority of the market holds of Repsol Private are in Latin America, Asia, and United States of America (Repsol, 2017). Their upstream and downstream provision with the production, reserving and supply figures forms a large and successful network for cultural management. The crude oil and bio gas supply, along with the huge numb er of petroleum refineries have allowed Repsol to accept challenges from its competitors and maintain a cooperative attitude with its global partners. With a diligent workforce the application of cross cultural business operations, for Repsol becomes much easier. It has also indulged and extended its significant collaboration with the Japanese automobile firm, Honda and have effectively retained the quality of the car racing sports over many year (Repsol, 2017). 2. Cross cultural management practices as opined by Geert Hofstede in his evaluations which have been conducted by him in one of the Technological firms have revealed many inputs about the practices that can be implemented for enhancing cross cultural practices. Respecting the individualistic behaviors of each of the community is very important because the negotiations act on this agent (Berry, 2015). The validation of the practices which are prevalent for example in the Spanish professional culture by the Japanese agencies is very pivotal in nature. The Management body of both the global companies should indulge in cooperative activities which will develop a harmonious culture. The annual company and industry by visits also improves the practices of attaining global harmony. The primary ethnological elements of any nation are language, food, attires, national integration, culture, and economic development (Thomas Peterson, 2014). International relations also play an important part in augmenting the multicultural practices, aiding for social and mechanical innovations. In order to make it more effective in nature the language which forms the maximum of the barriers between the two cultures must be mitigated with translators and diplomats. 3. Tim Cook, considered as one of the most influential person, is also recognized a global leader in regulating the business structures and developments of one of the largest technical manufacturers in the world. He is responsible for the constructive phenomenon which regulates and maintains the development process in improving towards the future generations through the means of the million dollar organization, Apple. The theory of globality focuses on the various aspects that need to be looked into by all the social elements and also the organizations that deal in maximization of the available resources (Berry, 2015). He is considered as one of the active agents as he implements and incorporates the provisions required for holistic approach and appropriate solutions attached with it. The leader characterizes the essential and some special features with an outlook to enable the less privileged for global justice and equality. Globalization is the only relevant environmental practices which help in enhancing the whole system along with the wide outlook (Thomas Peterson, 2014). Reference (2017). https://www.repsol.com/es_en/corporacion/conocer-repsol/contexto-energetico/matriz-energetica-mundial/default.aspx Berry, J. W. (2015). Global psychology: implications for cross-cultural research and management.Cross Cultural Management,22(3), 342-355. Esbr, J. M., Higueras, P., Lpez-Berdonces, M. A., Garca-Noguero, E. M., Gonzlez-Corrochano, B., Fernndez-Caldern, S., Martnez-Coronado, A. (2015, April). Geostatistical analysis of soil geochemical data from an industrial area (Puertollano, South-Central Spain). InEGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts(Vol. 17, p. 14549). Karin Andreassi, J., Lawter, L., Brockerhoff, M., J. Rutigliano, P. (2014). Cultural impact of human resource practices on job satisfaction: a global study across 48 countries.Cross cultural management,21(1), 55-77. Thomas, D. C., Peterson, M. F. (2014).Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications. Welcome to Repsol Honda Team - MotoGP. (2017). MotoGP. https://motogp.hondaracingcorporation.com/ Cross Cultural Management Question: Describe about the "Cross Cultural Management". Answer: Introduction There is always sub-culture in any company: Maintaining efficient subcultures, including its main cultures is a duty of a leader in order to manage an organisation successfully. Implementing new strategies or plans would be difficult if there is no bona fide understanding of the various steps of cultures existing in the firm. Organisational sub-cultures can be divided into groups. We can take human resource management subcultures into consideration. It is centred into groups such as profession, employee, innovation and task. This can be also age, union memberships, work groups, sex, departments, ethnicity and occupational ability based. Effective Communication Requires: Conception The interpreting, selecting, organizing of information and processing comes under this category. The people of business are required to keep an eye on the people applying for jobs in order to communicate effectively. For example, we think about our future best friend to be shy by the way they dress, but we can be proved incorrect once we perceive as to how extrovert he or she is as a person. This process is effective in understanding the way people puts effort in making sense of their respective judgements to absorb conceptions communication effect. Precision Clarity must be present in every aspect of communication. Communication message, purpose, modes must be very clear. It provides better understanding to people avoiding confusion, misunderstanding and complexity. Credibility The trust feeling and regard that is admired by others is credibility. Credible head attracts people who want to work for them. For instance, sales professionals need much credibility as people will not want to buy products from the person they dont trust. Control System must be developed in every organisation for reaching its goals and resources. There are few common characteristics shared by every effective control systems such centre on important points, approval of the employees, information that are accessible in the dire need, monetary practicality, precision and certainty. Congeniality It is an important aspect in terms with effective communication. Despite the differences, a good communicator will command the respect and goodwill. Being friendly and maintaining a pleasant relationship is of utmost importance. How Culture Affects Communication: The stronger the formal communication, the weaker the informal one. Barriers to Effective Communication Socio-cultural barriers Group-think This is a phenomena which is social in nature where the main thing that dominates is that the making of decision is influenced by the behaviour of the group. Beliefs and values that conflict Values and shared beliefs is the basis of any culture. Magnification of misunderstanding is inevitable when there are communications occurring across the boundaries of culture. For instance, making eye contact is essential in the culture of the U.S. while talking. However, in the Asiatic countries, the same behaviour is regarded as an offence or showing disrespect. Stereotyping and ethnocentrism Based upon an associate ship of a group in particular, stereotyping is the way of anticipating the behavioural pattern of a person. As an example, if a joke is made about a Latin American colleague that he will arrive late for a meeting, we may have already damaged the professional relationship. On the other hand, perceiving ones own culture to be the superior is the nature of the ethnocentric people. Language and jargon Language is a common barrier. We can take this for an example. A director of sales in the New York city if asks a Brazilian contractor to soon complete a job, both of them will have a miscommunication as they will interpret the word soon from their respective perspective. Behaviour or body language can be a barrier too. Psychological barriers Filtering It is one major problem. For example, if a senior filters the crucial information and does not provide it to the junior, then the person will not be able to complete the work efficiently. This can be due to jealousy or other reasons. Perceptions Every person has a perception of reality, different from others. This leads them to interpret things in their own way. Faulty Memory Poor retention or faulty memory can act as a barrier to communication. For example, a person was given a name, address and a phone number, which he had to convey to another person after some days. Meanwhile, he forgets the phone number and hence the information is either changed or distorted. Poor hearing skills Poor hearing can lead to insufficient skills of memory. Reading, being lost in thought and paying attention to a different conversation represents poor listening skills. Few people listen with complete attention for more than a few seconds at a time. Emotional interference Sending and receiving messages during communication can have a major barrier which is emotion. While being sad or annoyed, communication prowess can be damaged. Positive emotions can also be a barrier. Presenting a message in a peaceful way as a approach that is measured works in the best possible way. Organisational barriers Overload of information To make ones message heard, people have to go through many hurdles as now, there are information overflowing from various directions, and not just one, such as voice mail, internet, text messages, television, material of advertisements, letters, faxes and movies. Message competition Messages have to compete for attention. Information distortion Due to misunderstanding, information can get disordered by the taller structures or maybe blocked on purpose. This can be a result of jealousy or other reason. Message filtering When passing on information, or reproduce it in an abbreviated form may result in cutting out the most important part. Conflicting messages These kind of messages can undermine communication. For instance a CEO of a company says in his speech that "we need to maintain our focus in the year ahead to maintain sales".Now his staffs do not understand whether it was really a "thank you" event or a "kick off" event for next year. Climate of communication A network of relationships those are personal, that too within a business that is smaller is a communication climate. It fosters good relationship between the workers or the employees, among each other and also with the team of management. Status Differences Messages from people of higher ranks are given much importance than those of the lower ones. Structural problems Greater distance from one point to another may cause much delay, be it physical, social or cultural. Culture and Message Context: High, mid-range and Low High Context Culture In this kind of culture, much information that is unspoken usually is transferred implicitly. Importance of long-term business relationships and at the same time having minimal regulations is prevalent in Saudi Arabia. Other countries that follow this kind of cultures include Japan, China, India and Korea. Mid-Range Context Culture Most countries fall under this category such as Brazil, Canada, France, Morocco and Nigeria. Low Context Culture Explicit message is exchanged a lot and having any secrecy is rare in this type of culture. They have short term business relationships such as in the UK, and regulations are followed vigorously. Countries that follow under this are Australia, Germany, Russia and USA among others.